Prevalence, Risk Factors and Major Bacterial Causes of Bovine Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in and around Sinana District, Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia
bacterial isolates, bovine mastitis, lactating cow, prevalence, risk factors, sinana
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014 on lactating dairy cows to determine the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis, identify associated risk factors and isolate the predominant bacterial agents involved in causing mastitis in and around Sinana district. A total of 384 lactating cows were examined for mastitis using clinical examination and California Mastitis Test (CMT). Bacteriological isolation techniques were also undertaken to recover the causative bacterial pathogens. Prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 36.72%, out of which 4.95% and 31.77% were clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. The quarter level prevalence was 26.43%; from this, the clinical and subclinical forms were 2.28% and 24.15%, respectively. Out of total examined teats, 1.30% was blind. About 356 bacterial isolates identified from mastitic milk samples. The isolates based on their relative frequency of occurrence were: Staphylococcus aureus (33.99%), Streptococcus agalactiae (24.44%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.96%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) (7.58%), Escherichia coli (6.46%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (6.18%), Corynebacterium bovis (5.34%), Klebsiella pneumonia (2.81%) and Bacillus cereus (2.23%).
Downloads
How to Cite
References
A Abdelrahim, A Shommein, H Suliman, S Shaddard (1990) Prevalence of mastitis in imported Freisian cows in Sudan. 42, 512-514.
M Abera, B Elias, K Aragaw, Y Denberga, K Amenu, D Sheferaw (2012) Major causes of mastitis and associated risk factors in small holder dairy cows in Shashemene, Southern Ethiopia. 7(24), 3513-3518.
M Abera, B Demie, K Aragaw, F Regassa, Regassa (2010) Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitic milk and their drug resistance patterns in Adama Town, Ethiopia. 2(3), 29-34.
M Alekish, K Al-Qudah, A Al-Saleh (2013) Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis in northern Jordan. 164(6), 319-326.
T Ali, A Rahman, M Qureshi, M Hussain, M Khan, S Din, M Iqbal, B Han (2014) Effect of management practices and animal age on incidence of mastitis in Nili Ravi buffaloes. 46, 1279-1285.
G Almaw, W Molla, A Melaku (2009) Incidence rate of clinical bovine mastitis in selected smallholder dairy farms in Gondar town, Ethiopia. 16(1).
I Andersson, H Andersson, A Christiansson, H Lindmark-Månsson, M Oskarsson, Y Persson, A Widell (2011) Systemanalys Celltal. 7091.
A Andrew, R Blowey, R Eddy (2004) Bovine disease, medicine and husbandry of cattle. 326-360.
M Awale, G Dudhatra, K Avinash, B Chauhan, D Kamani, C Modi, H Patel, R O'kennedy (2012) Bovine mastitis: a threat to economy. 1, 295.
H Bachaya, M Raza, S Murtaza, I Akbar (2011) Subclinical bovine mastitis in Muzaffar Garh district of Punjab (Pakistan). 21(2), 16-19.
H Barkema, M Green, A Bradley, R Zadoks (2009) Invited review: The role of contagious disease in udder health. 92(10), 4717-4729.
B Bedada, A Hiko (2011) Mastitis and antimicrobial susceptibility test at Asella, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. 3(9), 228-232.
A Bedane, G Kasim, T Yohannis, T Habtamu, B Asseged, B Demelash (2012) Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis in Borana Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Settings of Yabello District, Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 12(10), 1274-1281.
D Benta, T Habtamu (2011) Study on the prevalence of Mastis and its Associated Risk Factors in Lactating Dairy Cows in Batu and its Environs, Ethiopia. 7(6), 632-637.
S Berhanu (1997) Bovine mastitis in dairy farms in Dire Dawa and eastern Harerghe. Prevalence, isolation and in vitroantimicrobial susceptibility studies.
D Biffa, E Debela, F Beyene (2005) Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in lactating dairy cows in Southern Ethiopia. 3(3), 189-198.
G Biru (1989) Major bacteria causing bovine mastitis and their sensativity to common antibiotic. 11, 47-54.
Molalegne Bitew, Arega Tafere, Tadele Tolosa (2010) Study on Bovine Mastitis in Dairy Farms of Bahir Dar and its Environs. 9(23), 2912-2917.
R Blowey, P Edmondson (2010) Mastitis control in dairy herds. 177.
A Bradley (2002) Bovine Mastitis: An Evolving Disease. 164(2), 116-128.
D Byarugaba, J Nakavuma, C Laker, M Vaarst (2008) The impact of intervention on mastitis in an emerging dairy developing country-Uganda. 20, 709-715.
G Carter, D Wise (2004) Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 6 th edition. 465-475.
R Eberthart (1986) Management of dry cows to reduce mastitis. 69, 1721-1732.
R Erskine, R Walker, C Bolin, P Bartlett, D White (2002) Trends in antibacterial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens during a sevenyear period. 85, 1111-1118.
A Fadlelmoula, R Fahr, G Anacker, H Swalve (2007) The Management Practices Associated with Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Large Scale Dairy Farms in Thuringia-Germany 1: Environmental Factors Associated with Prevalence of mastitis. 1(4), 619-624.
L Fonseca, M Santos (2001) Qualidade do Leite e Controle de Mastite. 72, 171-177.
B Gillespie, S Headrick, S Boonyayatra, S Oliver (2009) Prevalence and persistence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in three dairy research herds. 134, 65-72.
S Girma, A Mammo, K Bogele, T Sori, F Tadesse, T Jibat (2012) Study on prevalence of bovine mastitis and its major causative agents in West Harerghe zone, Doba district, Ethiopia. 4, 116-123.
A Gizat, A Zerihun, Y Asfaw (2007) Bovine mastitis and its association with selected risk factors in small holder dairy farms in and around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. 13, 23-26.
P Gruet, P Maincent, X Berthelot, V Kaltsatos (2001) Bovine mastitis and intramammary drug delivery: review and perspectives. 50, 245-259.
H Hogeveen (2005) Mastitis in Dairy Production: Current Knowledge and Future Solutions 1 st edition. 744.
M Hovinen, S Pyörälä (2011) Invited review: Udder health of dairy cows in automatic milking. 94(2), 547-562.
S Hunderra, Z Ademe, A Sintayehu (2005) Dairy cattle mastitis in and around Sebeta, Ethiopia. 3(4), 34-37.
N Hussen, T Yehualashet, G Tilahun (1997) Prevalence of mastitis in different local and exotic breeds of milking cows. 16, 53-60.
P Kalmus, A Viltrop, B Aasmãe, K Kask (2006) Occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous Estonian dairy cows in different housing conditions. 48, 21.
E Karimuribo, J Fitzpatrick, C Bell, E Swai, D Kambarage, N Ogden, M Bryant, N French (2006) Clinical and subclinical mastitis in small holder dairy farms in Tanzania: Risk, intervention and knowledge transfer. 74, 84-98.
O Kerro, F Tareke (2003) Bovine mastitis in selected areas of Souther Ethiopia. 35, 197-205.
F Kivaria, J Noordhuizen, A Kapaga (2004) Risk Indicators Associated with Subclinical Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Cows in Tanzania. 36(6), 581-592.
H Langoni, D Penachio, J Citadella, F Laurino, P Faccioli-Martins, S Lucheis, B Menozzi, A Silva (2011) Aspectos microbiológicos e de qualidade do leite bovino. 31, 1059-1065.
M Lemma, T Kassa, A Tegegene (2001) Clinically manifested major health problems of crossbred dairy herds in urban and periurban production system in the central highlands of Ethiopia. 33, 85-89.
Stuart Levy (1998) The Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance. 278(3), 46-53.
Martin Green, Andrew Bradley (2004) Clinical Forum -Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in cattle. 9(4).
B Mekibib, M Furgasa, F Abunna, B Megersa, A Regassa (2010) Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Major Pathogens in Dairy Farms of Holeta Town, Central Ethiopia. 3(9), 397.
H Mekonnen, S Workineh, M Bayleyegne, A Moges, K Tadele (2005) Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of mastitis isolates from cows in three major Ethiopian dairies. 176(7), 391-394.
H Mekonnen, A Tesfaye (2010) Prevalence and etiology of mastitis and related management factors in market oriented small holder dairy farms in Adama, Ethiopia. 161(12), 574-579.
Nibret Moges, Yilikal Asfaw, Kelay Belihu, Abebayehu Tadesse (2011) Aantimicrobial Susceptibility of Mastitis Pathogens from Smallholder Dairy Herds in and Around Gondar, Ethiopia. 10(12), 1616-1622.
E Mungube, B Tenhgen, T Kassa, F Regassa, M Kyule, M Griener, M Baumann (2004) Risk factor for dairy cow mastitis in the central highlands of Ethiopia. 36, 463-467.
T Musse, K Tesfu, G Dawit, M Temesgen (2014) The Occurrence of Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in and Around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia. 3(3), 45-50.
N (2004) National Mastitis Council: Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection. 7-8.
S Oliver, S Murinda (2012) Antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens. 28, 165-185.
P Quinn, B Markey, M Carter, W Donelly, F Leonard (2002) Blackwell, Nigel Stirling, (born 18 March 1947), Chairman, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001-07. 465-475.
P Quinn, M Carter, B Markey, G Carter (2004) Mastitis. 327-344.
M Paape, R Miller (1992) Influence of involution on intramammary phagocytic defense mechanism. 56.
O Radostitis, D Blood, C Gay (1994) Veterinary Medicine: A text book of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 8, 563-613.
D Radostits, D Blood, C Gay (1994) Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 501-550.
O Radostits, G Gay, D Blood, K Hinchillif (2000) Mastitis In: Veterinary Medicine. 603-700.
O Radostits, C Gay, D Blood, K Hinchllif (2007) Mastitis. 174-758.
V Rall, E Miranda, I Castilho, C Camargo, H Langoni, F Guimarães, J Araújo Júnior, A Fernandes Júnior (2013) Diversity of Staphylococcus species and prevalence of enterotoxin genes isolated from milk of healthy cows and cows with subclinical mastitis. 97(2), 829-837.
D Rysanek, V Babak, M Zouharova (2007) Bulk tank milk somatic cell count and sources of raw milk contamination with mastitis pathogens. 52(6), 223-230.
J Schroeder (2012) Bovine Mastitis and Milking Management.
Ynte Schukken, David Wilson, Francis Welcome, Linda Garrison-Tikofsky, Ruben Gonzalez (2003) Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts. 34(5), 579-596.
Swardo (2013) Sinana Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development Office.
K Smith, J Hogan (1995) Epidemiology of Mastitis. 82-83.
H Sori, A Zerihun, S Abdicho (2005) Dairy cattle mastitis in and around Sebeta. 3, 338-341.
Tariku Sori, Jemal Hussien, Molalegne Bitew (2011) Prevalence and Susceptibility Assay of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Dairy Farms of Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia. 10(6), 745-749.
W Steeneveld, H Hogeveen, H Barkema, J Van Den Broek, R Huirne (2008) The Influence of Cow Factors on the Incidence of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. 91(4), 1391-1402.
W Suriyathaporn, Y Suchkken, M Nielen, A Brands (2000) Low somatic cell count: A risk factor for subsequent clinical mastitis in dairy herds. 83, 1248-1255.
D Teklemariam, G Ashebir, A Tassew, T Biruk, F Aklilu, S Tesfaye (2016) Isolation and phenotypic characterization of coagulase negative staphylococcus isolated from mastitic Cows in and around Zway town, Ethiopia. 3(1), 45-54.
A Tesfaye, Y Aster, H Addisalem, T Tegegnework, G Zelalem (2013) Mastits: Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates in dairy cattle at Holeta farm in Ethiopia. 8(23), 2837-2842.
A Tilahun, A Aylate (2015) Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis in Lactating Cowsand its Public Health Implications in Selected Commercial Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa. 15(2).
J Tiwari, C Babra, H Tiwari, V Williams, S Wet, J Gibson, A Paxman, E Morgan, P Costantino, R Sunagar, I, S Mukkur, T (2013) Trends in therapeutic and prevention strategies for management of bovine mastitis: An overview. 4, 1000176.
J Watts (1988) Etiological agents of bovine mastitis. 16, 41-66.
David Wilson, Ruben Gonzalez, Helena Das (1997) Bovine Mastitis Pathogens in New York and Pennsylvania: Prevalence and Effects on Somatic Cell Count and Milk Production. 80(10), 2592-2598.
S Workineh, M Bayleyegn, H Mekonnen, L Potgieter (2002) Prevalence and Aetiology of Mastitis in Cows from Two Major Ethiopian Dairies. 34(1), 19-25.
N Zenebe, H, T Endale, B (2014) Study on bovine mastitis and associated risk factors in Adigrat, Northern Ethiopia. 8, 327-331.
T Zeryehun, T Aya, R Bayecha (2013) Study on prevalence, bacterial pathogens and associated risk factors of bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa. Ethiopia. 23(1), 50-55.
X Zhao, P Lacasse (2007) Mammary tissue damage during bovine mastitis: Causes and control1. 86(suppl_13), 57-65.
Published
2018-06-28
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.