Demographic Structures of Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) in Guassa Community Protected Area, Ethiopia
band, birth and death rates, gelada, growth rate, population structure, unit
Abstract
In geladas, sociality and population structure are unusual because they establish highly differentiated bonds with other group members. Such bonds are particularly pronounced among female geladas, with female philopatry and male dispersal. In the present study, gelada band size and population structures varied between wet and dry seasons. The mean number of females per harem varied from 4.5 to 7.1. In addition, the mean harem, or reproductive female size in all study bands is not statistically significant within season, or between seasons (P > 0.05). The sex ratio did not also show any significant differences between seasons. However, the adult sex ratio and the mean number of reproductive females within the units were statistically significant (t 10= -5.6, P < 0.05). Gelada population growth rate is relatively high (mean = 17.1 % per annum) in Guassa Community Protected Area, and it could be deduced by the differences in number of birth and death at a given period of time within the natural population. Ratio of females per male was relatively lower in the study bands of geladas in present study area, and it doesn't show a true relationship annual growth rate of gelada population. However, the number of births per female/year has brought a significant change on gelada population.
Downloads
How to Cite
References
J Altman (1974) Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods. 49(3-4), 227-266.
S Altmann, J Altmann (1970) Baboon Ecology. 230.
J Beehner, Birhanu Gebre, T Bergman, C Mccann (2008) Population estimate for geladas (Theropithecus gelada) living in and around the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. 30, 149-154.
R Dunbar (1980) Demographic and life history variables of a population of gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada). 49, 485-506.
R Dunbar (1986) The social ecology of gelada baboons. 332-351.
R Dunbar (1993) Social organization of the gelada. 425-440.
N Jablonski (1993) Diderot, Political Writings, ed. John Hope Mason and Robert Wokler, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. xli + 225. - Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, ed Donald Winch, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. xxxiii + 392. - Price, Political Writings, ed. D. O. Thomas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. xxiv + 199.. 5(1), 139-140.
R Dunbar, E Dunbar (1974) Ecological Relations and Niche Separation between Sympatric Terrestrial Primates in Ethiopia. 21(1), 36-60.
R Dunbar, M Sharman (1983) Female competition for access to males affects birth rate in baboons. 13, 157-159.
C Grueter, D Zinner (2004) Nested societies: convergent adaptations in snub-nosed monkeys and baboons?. 70, 1-98.
R Hill, P Lee (1998) Predation risk as an influence on group size in cercopithecoid primates: implications for social structure. 245, 447-456.
E Johnson, N Snyder-Mackler, J Beehner, T Bergman (2013) Kinship and Dominance Rank Influence the Strength of Social Bonds in Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada). 13, 1-17.
M Kawai, H Ohsawa, U Mori, R Dunbar (1983) Social organization of gelada baboons: Social units and definitions. 24(1), 13-24.
Aliza Le Roux, Jacinta Beehner, Thore Bergman (2011) Female philopatry and dominance patterns in wild geladas. 73(5), 422-430.
U Mori (1979) Social structure of gelada baboon. 243-247.
A Mori, T Iwamoto, U Mori, A Bekele (1999) Sociological and demographic characteristics of a recently found arsi gelada population in Ethiopia. 40, 365-381.
H Ohsawa, R Dunbar (1984) Variation in demographic structure and dynamics of gelada baboon populations. 15, 231-240.
T Zelealem, N Leader-Williams (2005) Indigenous common property resources management in the central highlands of Ethiopia. 33, 539-565.
T Zelealem, N Leader-Williams, T Coulson (2012) Consequences of human land use for an Afro-alpine ecological community in Ethiopia. 10, 209-216.
Gurja Zewdu Kifle, Afework Belay, Bekele (2013) ) and human-gelada conflict in Wonchit Valley, Ethiopia.
(1913) U. 21, 1248-1259.
Published
2015-03-13
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.