Science and Technology in Africa: The Key Elements and Measures for Sustainable Development
science, technology, sustainable, research, development, Africa
Abstract
The contributions of science and technology to foster development in the world cannot be over emphasized. Thanks to the evolution and revolution of science and technology, the world has greatly achieved advancement in various sectors such as infrastructure, energy, industrial, health, education, communication, financial, entertainment, transport, agricultural, economic and environmental protection to name a few. While the growth of science and technology is pronounced in the western continents, the pace in Africa is slow. In addition to its contribution to development, science and technology is today a menace to man, the society and ecosystem. This paper highlights on the interdependence between sciences and technology for development with emphasize on the key contributing elements such as research, biomimetics, philosophy of science, communication, innovative fields and global partnership. Possible measures to manage the detrimental effects of science and technology in the society and promote those technologies which are paramount to ensure sustainable development are enumerated. The advancement of science and technology will only be achieved if Africans can change their mentality and lay emphasis on those key elements and measures that are of priority to development.
Downloads
How to Cite
References
Lou Opit (1993) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. The World Bank, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993. No. of pages: 329. ISBN 0‐19‐520890‐0. 3(2), 127-128.
L Friedman, Thomas (2008) Hot, Flat and Crowded: Why we Need a Green Revolution and How it can Renew America. 438.
S Chukwuma, Ezeonu, Tagbo Richard, N Ephraim, Anike, A Obinna, Oje, N Ikechukwu, Onwurah (2012) Biotechnological Tools for Environmental Sustainability: Prospects and Challenges for Environments in Nigeria-A Standard Review. 1-6.
Brendan Burkett (2008) SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS: FROM REVOLUTION TO EVOLUTION. 04(01), 17-37.
R Steven, James (1989) Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. 30(1), 1-26.
Thomas Plummer (2004) Flaked Stones and Old Bones: Biological and Cultural Evolution at the Dawn of Technology. 47.
W Alan, Cramb (2007) A Short History of Metals.
Chisholm Hugh (1910) Encyclopaedia Britannica : a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. 2008-2013.
D Thomas (2001) A Brief History of Science. 9.
Read Bain (1937) Technology and State Government. 2(6), 860.
A Mackenzie, Judy Donald, Wajcman (1999) Introductory Essay in The Social Shaping of Technology.
Franklin Ursula (2007) Ursula Franklin Interviewed by Mary Hynes (Tapestry, CBC Radio, 4 February 2007). 94-107.
Henry Liddell, George, Scott Robert (1980) A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition).
Peter Suber (2007) Intute wins 2007 Farradane Award.
J Carlson, S Ghaey, S Moran, C Tran, D Kaplan (2005) Biological materials in engineering mechanisms Biomimetics-Biologically Inspired Technologies. 14, 365-380.
P Ramachandra, Rao (2003) Unknown Title. 28, 657-676.
Yoseph, Bar-Cohen (2006) Biomimetics-using nature to inspire human innovation. 1, 1-12.
James Dahlberg, Elsebet Lund, Elizabeth Goodwin (2003) Nuclear translation: What is the evidence?. 9(1), 1-8.
John Gribben (2004) The Scientists; A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors. 424-432.
S Feinstein (2008) Louis Pasteur: The Father of Microbiology. 1-128.
Edward Mckintosh, J Tabrizi, Collinge Sarah (2003) John Prion diseases. 9, 183-193.
Aguzzi Adriano, Heikenwalder Mathias (2006) Pathogenesis of prion diseases: current status and future outlook. 4, 765-775.
D Wertlieb, R Lerner, M Daar, As (2002) Top ten biotechnologies for improving health in developing countries. 32, 229-232.
Tara Acharya, Abdallah Daar, Peter Singer (2003) Biotechnology and the UN's Millennium Development Goals. 21(12), 1434-1436.
H Daly (1990) Toward some operational principles of sustainable development. 2, 1-6.
Nobuyuki Shimono, Lisa Morici, Nicola Casali, Sally Cantrell, Ben Sidders, Sabine Ehrt, Lee Riley (2003) Hypervirulent mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulting from disruption of the mce1 operon. 100(26), 15918-15923.
Ernesto Marcos, Lázaro Gil, Alienys Izquierdo, Laura Lazo, Edith Suzarte, Iris Valdés, Angélica García, Yusleydis Pérez, Yaremis Romero, Enma Brown, María G. Guzmán, Gerardo Guillén, Lisset Hermida (1996) A dose-response study in mice of the vaccine preparation containing the diiic-2 protein aggregated with the oligodeoxinucleotide 39m. 1(1), 6-12.
C Clark, William, M Dickson, Nancy (2003) Sustainability science: The emerging research program. 14, 8059-8061.
Published
2014-07-24
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.