Restoration of Degraded Lands through Plantation Forests
restoration, plantation forests, degraded lands, productive ecosystem, dominant tree species
Abstract
Degradation of soil is a matter of serious concern. Vast area of land all over the world has been converted into unproductive and degraded lands. Eco-restoration through plantation forests is the most effective technique to reclaim the degraded ecosystem. Six dominant species viz, Dalbergia sissoo, Pongamia pinnata, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Azadirachta indica and Cassia siamea were studied for restoration of degraded ecosystem. No amendment was given during plantations except farm yard manure (FYM), Urea and Aldrin as soil insecticide before planting the seedlings. The density of plants was 3333 ha-1. The present paper deals with the edaphic development of degraded coal mine spoil through establishment of six dominant tree species at Northern Coalfield Limited, Singrauli. The results indicated that the bulk density of the reclaimed sites was gradually reduced with the age of the plantations. The soil organic carbon, pH, EC, water holding capacity and nutritional status were found increasing with the age of the plantations. As regards the organic carbon in mine spoil under different tree cover, it was found improved to the maximum extent during 16 years interval in Dalbergia sissoo (358%) followed by Azadirachta indica (317.8%), Pongamia pinnata (273.8%), Tectona grandis (233.3%) and others. The similar increasing trend was found in pH.
Downloads
How to Cite
References
M Allen, T Moore, M Christensen, N Stanton (1979) Growth of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Bautelona gracilus in a defined medium. 71, 666-669.
S Banerjee, A Sahai, N Mukhopadhyay (1999) Spoil characteristics and vegetation development of an age series of mine spoils in a dry tropical environment. 61(3), 229.
S Banerjee, P Das, T Mishra (2000) Microbial and nutritional characteristics of coal mine overburden spoils in relation to vegetation development. 48, 63-66.
C Black (1956) Methods of soil analysis AM.
J Booze-Daniels, W Daniels, R Schmidt, J Krouse, D Wright (2000) Establishment of low maintenance vegetation in highway corridors. 41, 887-920.
E Boswell, R Koide, D Shumway, H Addy (1998) Winter wheat cover cropping, VA mycorrhizal fungi and maize growth and yield. 67, 55-65.
Heike Bücking, Yair Shachar‐hill (2005) Phosphate uptake, transport and transfer by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices is stimulated by increased carbohydrate availability. 165(3), 899-912.
M Carter (1991) Ninhydrin-reactive N released by the fumigation extraction method as a measure of microbial biomass under field conditions. 23, 139-143.
Navneet Agrawal, G Chopra, K Kinalekar, K Siam, S Biswas, N Luthra (2004) Effectiveness of Lifestyle Score Calculator in Improving Diabetes Management Using BeatO Application. 6(2), 1-9.
O Chaubey, Bohre Priyanka, P Singhal (2012) Impact of Bio-reclamation of Coal Mine Spoil on Nutritional and Microbial Characteristics -A Case Study. 4(3), 69-79.
T Chiti, G Certini, A Puglisi, G Sanesi, A Capperucci, C Forte (2007) Effects of associating a N-fixer species to monotypic oak plantations on the quantity and quality of organic matter in minesoils. 138(1-2), 162-169.
E Curl, B Truelove (1986) The Rhizosphere.
M Daft, T Nicolson (1974) ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS IN PLANTS COLONIZING COAL WASTES IN SCOTLAND. 73(6), 1129-1138.
C Down (1975) Soil development on colliery waste tips in relation to age. 12, 613-635.
R Dutta, M Agarwal (2002) Effect of tree plantations on the soil characteristics and microbial activity of coal mine spoil land. 43(2), 315-324.
E Filcheva, M Noustorova, Sv Gentcheva-Kostadinova, M Haigh (2000) Organic accumulation and microbial action in surface coal-mine spoils, Pernik, Bulgaria. 15(1-2), 1-15.
J George, R Kohli (1957) Nitrogen contents of leaves of some Indian trees. 83(4), 287-290.
O Gupta, R Shukla (1991) The composition and dynamics of associated plant communities of sal plantations. 82, 296-309.
H Insam, K Domsch (1988) Relationship between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass on chronosequences of reclamation sites. 15(2), 177-188.
Gauri Agarwal, Alpana Razdan, Rakesh Samal, Vandana Sharma, Shikha Koul, Vandana Mishra (1976) Genetic Signatures of Chromosome 20 Mosaicism in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. 1-6.
Jain Avinash, A Bhowmik, V Nath, S Banerjee (2009) Impact of plantation on ecosystem development in drastically disturbed coal mine overburden spoils. 302, 90-206.
Chandra Jamaluddin (2009) Mycorrhizal establishment and plant succession in coal mine overburden. 302, 157-163.
P Jeffries, S Gianinazzi, S Perotto, K Turnau, J Barea (2003) The Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. 37, 1-16.
A Jha, J Singh (1991) Spoil characteristics and vegetation development of an age series of mine spoils in a dry tropical environment. 97(1), 63-76.
A Juwarkar, H Jambhulkar (2009) Reclamation of mine spoil dump using integrated biotechnological approcach at Sasti coal mine, Maharashtra. 302, 92-108.
A Kennedy, K Smith (1995) Soil microbial diversity and sustainability of agriculture soils. 170, 75-86.
G Krishnamurti, P Huang, L Kozak (1999) SORPTION AND DESORPTION KINETICS OF CADMIUM FROM SOILS: INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHATE. 164(12), 888-898.
Mitch Lasat, Alan Baker, Leon Kochian (1998) Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens. 118(3), 875-883.
H Marschner (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants.
P Marschner, S Timonen (2004) Interactions between plant species and mycorrhizal colonization on the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere. 28, 23-36.
K Mishra (1989) Manual of Plant Ecology. 193.
Sangeeta Mukhopadhyay, S Maiti, R Masto (2013) Use of Reclaimed Mine Soil Index (RMSI) for screening of tree species for reclamation of coal mine degraded land. 57, 133-142.
D Nandeswar, D Dugaya, T Mishra, A Williams, S Banerjee (1996) Natural succession of an age series of coal mine spoil in sub-tropical region. 3, 105-124.
S Nath (2009) Ecosystem approach for mined land rehabilitation and present rehabilitation scenario in Jharkhand coal mines. 302, 44-66.
Nguyen Khac, Hieu (2003) Proceedings of an international workshop on "Facilitating international carbon accounting in forests" held at CSIRO forestry and forest product.
R Parfitt, J Russell (1977) ADSORPTION ON HYDROUS OXIDES. IV. MECHANISMS OF ADSORPTION OF VARIOUS IONS ON GOETHITE. 28(2), 297-305.
C Piper (1950) Soil and Plant Analysis.
U Prakasham, S Banerjee (2001) Vegetation and soil development on copper mine spoil of Madhya Pradesh in relation to time. 9, 220-234.
G Puri (1959) Nitrogen contents of leaves of some exotic and indigenous forest tree species planted at New Forest. 85(7), 426-430.
D Rimmer (1982) Soil physical conditions on reclaimed colliery spoil heaps. 33, 567-579.
Brown Sandra (2002) Measuring carbon in forests: current status and future challenges. 116, 363-372.
Singh Singh Kripal, Bajrang, R Singh (2012) Changes in physico-chemical, microbial and enzymatic activities during restoration of degraded sodic land: Ecological suitability of mixed forest over monoculture plantation. 96, 57-67.
Singh Kripal, V Pandey, Singh Bajrang, R Singh (2012) Ecological restoration of degraded sodic lands through afforestation and cropping. 43, 70-80.
H Stroo, E Jencks (1982) Enzyme Activity and Respiration in Minesoils. 46(3), 548-553.
Tran Van, Con (2001) Define some species for production plantation in the north central highlands.
N Uren, H Reisenaur (1988) The role of root exudates in nutrient acquisition. 3, 79-114.
Quang Bui, The Vu, Van Doan, Xuan Hoang (2009) Developing a National Agri-Food Composition Database to Support Nutrition, Trade, and Rural Development in Vietnam. 22(2), 59-72.
J Warcup (1990) The Mycorrhizal Associations of Australian Inuleae (Asteraceae). 7(2), 179-188.
Published
2014-03-03
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.