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\title{Multi-Criteria Selection in Gram (Cicerarietinum L.) Germplasm}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Roshan  Bind}

             \author[2]{Shri Niwas  Singh}

             \affil[1]{  B. R. D. P. G. College Deoria}

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\date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


An experiment involving 12 genotypes of Gram (Cicer arietinum L) was carried out at B. R. D. P. G. college farm to select varieties close to ideal plant types through a multi-criteria selection. These genotypes were grown in three replications under standard package of practices to raise a good crop. These genotypes were evaluated on 12 characters namely, plant height, days to 50% flowering, primary branches/plant, secondary branches/plant, days to maturity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, biological yield/plant, seed yield/plant and the harvest index. The normalized cumulative rank analysis was used to find out a preference order of these genotypes. The preference order is PUSA 362, P-3719, CSG-151, E-100YM, ICCI6015, GNG1581, RADHA, IPC 94-94, ICC15850, ICC 3535, ICC1009 and KWR 108. The top five genotypes from these could be recommended to farmers for cultivation in this region. A single table is enough to present the results of such experiments. The top two varieties were compared with ideal plant type and the best one (PUSA 362) could be further improved by crossing it with CSG515, IPC 94-94, ICC3535 and KWR 108.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{ideotype, chickpea, cicer, normalized cumulative ranks, selection.}

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\begin{textblock*}{10cm}(1.05cm,3cm)
{{\textit{CrossRef DOI of original article:}} \underline{}}
\end{textblock*}\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
I. Introduction hickpea (CicerarietinumL., 2n=2x=16) globally ranks third among the pulse crops and accounts for production of 10.1 million tons annually. This ranking places chickpea behind beans (21.5 billion tons) and peas (10.4 million tons). These three pulses (beans, peas, and chickpeas) account for about 70\% of global pulse production with chickpea accounting for approximately 17\% of the total annual production. Production of chickpea in terms of harvested area from 1961 to 2013 ranged from a low of 8.9 million hectares in 1981 to a high of 13.5 million hectares in 2013. These global acreage and production figures gave a productivity of 748 kg/ha. Chickpea is produced in over 50 countries with India being the largest producer. Other chickpea producing major countries after India are Pakistan, Turkey, Australia, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mexico, Morocco and Syria. The top chickpea producing states in India in descending order have been Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Chickpea is divided into two distinct types. The most prominent type is referred to as "Desi" and is characterized by relatively small seeds that range from light tan to black and with many variations including various markings of anthocyanin pigmentation. The relatively small seeds have rather thick seed coats and yellow cotyledons. The second type is "Kabuli" with bold and big seeds that are relatively white. It is important to study the traits of chickpeas based on which suitable plant types could be selected for higher yields and other improvements. The present investigation was undertaken with the twin objectives of designing an objective way of selection and advocating precise varietal recommender system in chickpeas. This system is an effort to materialize the idea of crop ideotype of chickpea. Ideotype concept was given by Donald 1968. 
\section[{II. Materials and Methods}]{II. Materials and Methods}\par
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2021-2022 with twelve germplasm lines of chickpea namely CSG 515, E-100YM, GNG 1581, ICC 1009, ICC 15850, ICC 16015, ICC 3535, IPC 94-94, KWR 108, P-3719, PUSA 362, and RADHA that were procured from IIPR Kanpur, U. P., India for growing in BRDPG College, Deoria. These genotypes were grown in three replications in a randomized block design. Standard package of practices was adopted to raise a good crop. These lines were evaluated on 12 parameters viz., days to 50\% flowering(D 50\% F), days to 50\% podding (D 50\% P), plant height(PH (CM)), primary branches/plant (PBPP), secondary branches /plant (SBPP), days to maturity (D 2 M), number of pods/plant (NPPP), number of seeds/plant (NSPP), biological yield/plant (BYPP), seed yield/plant (SYPP), harvest index (HI\%) and the hundred seed weight (100 SEED WT). Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants and tagged to record the observation from each replication in each row on twelve parameters. Means of three replications were calculated. These average data were subjected to normalized cumulative ranks analysis as used by Singh 2017, \hyperref[b3]{Singh et al., 2018}\hyperref[b4]{, Yadav et al., 2020}\hyperref[b1]{and Kumar 2021}. The results of the NCR analysis are being given in five tables to comprehend the NCR analysis step-bystep, although a single table \hyperref[tab_2]{(Table 5})is enough to present the results of such experiments as given in many theses of research students and many papers of this college for the sake of precision and paper economy. 
\section[{C}]{C}\par
farm to select varieties close to ideal plant types through a multi-criteria selection. These genotypes were grown in three replications under standard package of practices to raise a good crop. These genotypes were evaluated on 12 characters namely, plant height, days to 50\% flowering, primary branches/plant, secondary branches/plant, days to maturity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, biological yield/plant, seed yield/plant and the harvest index. The normalized cumulative rank analysis was used to find out a preference order of these genotypes. The preference order is PUSA 362, P-3719, CSG-151, E-100YM, ICCI6015, GNG1581, RADHA, IPC 94-94, ICC15850, ICC 3535, ICC1009 and KWR 108. The top five genotypes from these could be recommended to farmers for cultivation in this region. A single table is enough to present the results of such experiments. The top two varieties were compared with ideal plant type and the best one (PUSA 362) could be further improved by crossing it with CSG515, IPC 94-94, ICC3535 and KWR 108. 
\section[{III. Results and Discussion}]{III. Results and Discussion}\par
The mean data of the three replications are given in Table  {\ref 1}. 
\section[{Table 1: The Mean Data of three Replications}]{Table 1: The Mean Data of three Replications}\par
The ranks, cumulative ranks and normalized cumulative ranks are given in Table \hyperref[tab_0]{2}.   
\section[{Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ( D ) XXIII Issue IV Version I Year 2023}]{Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ( D ) XXIII Issue IV Version I Year 2023}\par
Table  {\ref 4}: Combining Tables  {\ref 1} and\hyperref[tab_0]{2} Together On sorting the table 4 on CR or NCR in increasing order we get Table \hyperref[tab_2]{5} which is enough to sum up the findings of this experiment. Thus, this single table \hyperref[tab_2]{(Table 5}) is enough for poster as well as paper presentation of such experiments.\par
From tables 3 \& 5, it is clear that the preference order of evaluated chickpea genotypes is PUSA 362, P-3719, CSG 515, E-100YM, ICC 16015, GNG 1518, RADHA, IPC 94-94, ICC 15850, ICC 3535, ICC 1009 and KWR 108. Top five varieties viz., PUSA 362, P-3719, CSG 515, E-100YM and ICC 16015 could be recommended for cultivation by farmers of this region. Top two varieties were compared with ideal plant type and the graphical presentation shows how close are the top two varieties to the ideal plant type as shown in Figure 1.   The ideal plant type being visualized here, on the basis of twelve evaluated parameters, is early flowering, early podding, tall, having more primary and secondary branches, early maturing, more pods per plant, more seeds/pod, more biological yield per plant, more seed yield per plant, high harvest index and higher 100 seed weight. From same data set we can select various plant types by changing selection criteria as per our farmers' needs. From this NCR analysis it is also clear that top performer viz., PUSA 362 has scope for future improvement in parameters like secondary branches per plant (SBPP), days to maturity (D2M), harvest index (HI) and primary branches per plant (PBPP). These characters can be improved by crossing PUSA 362 with CSG 515 (ranking first in SBPP), IPC 94-94 or ICC 1009 (both ranking first in D2M), ICC 3535 (ranking first in HI) and KWR 108 (ranking first in PBPP) respectively.  \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
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\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.15892756878158337\textwidth}P{0.07540707467714766\textwidth}P{0.025294778214486245\textwidth}P{0.03865805727119596\textwidth}P{0.044385176866928694\textwidth}P{0.03770353733857383\textwidth}P{0.019090398652442445\textwidth}P{0.03961257720381808\textwidth}P{0.09688377316114542\textwidth}P{0.034362717574396406\textwidth}P{0.02911285794497473\textwidth}P{0.03865805727119596\textwidth}P{0.044385176866928694\textwidth}P{0.05679393599101629\textwidth}P{0.10404267265581134\textwidth}P{0.006681639528354856\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{7}{l}{SN VARIETYâ??" D 50\% F D 50\% P PH(CM) PBPP}\tabcellsep SBPP\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{D 2 M NPPP NSPP}\tabcellsep BYPP\tabcellsep SYPP\tabcellsep HI\%\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{100 SEED WT}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Sort Order?}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \\
1\tabcellsep CSG 515\tabcellsep 89\tabcellsep 114\tabcellsep 43.89\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5.33}\tabcellsep 12.8\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{129.67 17.87 18.47}\tabcellsep 9.88\tabcellsep 3.94\tabcellsep 37.07\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{17.83}\\
2\tabcellsep E-100YM\tabcellsep 89\tabcellsep 116\tabcellsep 61.87\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{4.63}\tabcellsep 5.53\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 22.8\tabcellsep 25.4\tabcellsep 12.17\tabcellsep 3.36\tabcellsep 27.64\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{18.3}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{3 GNG 1581}\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 118\tabcellsep 43.57\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5.33}\tabcellsep 10.87\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 15.73\tabcellsep 15.9\tabcellsep 9.49\tabcellsep 3.19\tabcellsep 32.18\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{20.73}\\
4\tabcellsep ICC 1009\tabcellsep 98\tabcellsep 115.33\tabcellsep 44.65\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{4.4}\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 128\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{13.21 15.05}\tabcellsep 6.4\tabcellsep 2.45\tabcellsep 37.91\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{16.8}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{5 ICC 15850}\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 114\tabcellsep 38.77\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5.2}\tabcellsep 7.33\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{128.33 8.87}\tabcellsep 7.6\tabcellsep 8.46\tabcellsep 2.36\tabcellsep 23.27\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{22.46}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{6 ICC 16015}\tabcellsep 89\tabcellsep 114\tabcellsep 43.19\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{3.67}\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 129\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{15.45 19.67}\tabcellsep 9.54\tabcellsep 3.58\tabcellsep 34.37\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{18.83}\\
7\tabcellsep ICC 3535\tabcellsep 92\tabcellsep 114.67\tabcellsep 42.51\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{4.73}\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{128.67 12.73 14.82}\tabcellsep 5.62\tabcellsep 3.03\tabcellsep 41.72\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{17.6}\\
8\tabcellsep IPC 94-94\tabcellsep 92\tabcellsep 115.33\tabcellsep 39.19\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5.07}\tabcellsep 5.47\tabcellsep 128\tabcellsep 15.6\tabcellsep 16.33\tabcellsep 6.98\tabcellsep 2.38\tabcellsep 37.84\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{19.6}\\
9\tabcellsep KWR 108\tabcellsep 92\tabcellsep 115.67\tabcellsep 42.28\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{17.93}\tabcellsep 5.07\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 6.47\tabcellsep 6.33\tabcellsep 7.86\tabcellsep 2.19\tabcellsep 23.47\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{23.81}\\
10\tabcellsep P-3719\tabcellsep 90\tabcellsep 114\tabcellsep 47.69\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{4.53}\tabcellsep 5.67\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{128.67 20.93 26.87 10.78}\tabcellsep 4.57\tabcellsep 40.36\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{18.03}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{11 PUSA 362}\tabcellsep 89\tabcellsep 112\tabcellsep 49.89\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{4.87}\tabcellsep 5.03\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{129.33 20.95 20.82 14.15}\tabcellsep 4.47\tabcellsep 34.44\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{25.6}\\
12\tabcellsep RADHA\tabcellsep 88\tabcellsep 115\tabcellsep 44.65\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{4.4}\tabcellsep 4.73\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{128.33 15.27 13.93 11.13}\tabcellsep 2.54\tabcellsep 19.81\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{23.4}\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{SN VARIETY D 50\% F D 50\% P PH(CM) PBPP}\tabcellsep SBPP\tabcellsep D2M\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{NPPP NSPP}\tabcellsep BYPP\tabcellsep SYPP\tabcellsep HI\%\tabcellsep 100 SEED WT\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{CR NCR}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Sort Order?}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
1\tabcellsep CSG 515\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep 1.2\\
2\tabcellsep E-100 YM\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{67 1.49}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{3 GNG 1581}\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{77 1.71}\\
4\tabcellsep ICC 1009\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{93 2.07}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{5 ICC 15850}\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{88 1.96}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{6 ICC 16015}\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{69 1.53}\\
7\tabcellsep ICC 3535\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{89 1.98}\\
8\tabcellsep IPC 94-94\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{85 1.89}\\
9\tabcellsep KWR 108\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{107 2.38}\\
10\tabcellsep P-3719\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{52 1.16}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{11 PUSA 362}\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 1\\
12\tabcellsep RADHA\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 1.8\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{SN VARIETY D 50\% F D 50\% P PH(CM) PBPP}\tabcellsep SBPP\tabcellsep D2M\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{NPPP NSPP}\tabcellsep BYPP\tabcellsep SYPP\tabcellsep HI\%\tabcellsep 100 SEED WT\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{CR NCR}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Sort Order?}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
1\tabcellsep PUSA 362\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 1\\
2\tabcellsep P-3719\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{52 1.16}\\
3\tabcellsep CSG 515\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep 1.2\\
4\tabcellsep E-100 YM\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{67 1.49}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{5 ICC 16015}\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{69 1.53}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{6 GNG 1581}\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{77 1.71}\\
7\tabcellsep RADHA\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 1.8\\
8\tabcellsep IPC 94-94\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{85 1.89}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{9 ICC 15850}\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{88 1.96}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{10 ICC 3535}\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{89 1.98}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{11 ICC 1009}\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{93 2.07}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{12 KWR 108}\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{107 2.38}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 			\label{foot_0}\footnote{\label{foot_0} © 2023 Global JournalsMulti-Criteria Selection in Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) Germplasm} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Singh et al. ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Selection from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) accessions through normalized cumulative ranks’.  		 			S N Singh 		,  		 			R K Sahu 		,  		 			Tarkeshwar 		.  	 	 		\textit{Progressive Research -An International Journal}  		2018. 13 p. .  	 
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\end{document}